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Place name · Pre-colonial · Legend

The Arrow Behind Offa

Image: Entrance of Olofa of Offa palace. Offa Kwara State.jpg — AYOOLA,B.F, CC BY-SA 4.0 · source

KwaraOffaYorubaPlace name3 sources

Offa remembers its founder through his skill with a bow, keeping an old hunting story inside an everyday place name.

WhereKwara
WhenPre-colonial
PeopleYoruba
Read2 min

01The archer

Every town in Yorubaland has a founder, and every founder has a story. Offa's is about a man who was very good with a bow.

His name was Olalomi Olofagangan. He was a prince from Oyo, the tradition says, and a hunter, and his gift was the bow and arrow. In Yoruba, ofa means arrow. So when Olalomi settled and others gathered round him, the place took its name from the thing he was famous for. Offa: the town of the arrow.

We have no portrait of him and no record of his life beyond that story. What survives is his reputation, a hunter whose aim was so good that people named their home after it.

02When?

Ask when Offa was founded and the answers are far apart. One account says people were already settling there around AD 1000. Another says about 1395. The truth is that nobody knows, and the archer cannot be pinned to any year.

03A town that had to fight

Offa today is a busy Ibolo Yoruba town in Kwara State, headquarters of its own local government area. Its later history is easier to trace. In the 19th century, as the old Oyo Empire broke apart, Offa found itself caught between larger powers. From 1878 to 1886 it fought a long war with neighbouring Ilorin, which historians still study.

Those wars are a different story, from a different time. But it seems right that a town named after a weapon became known, centuries later, as one that refused to give in.

Say Offa, and you are still saying "arrow". The name has carried the archer's story for hundreds of years.

Fact or legend?
FactOffa is in Kwara State and is the headquarters of Offa Local Government Area.
FactHistorical research examines warfare between Offa and Ilorin during 1878–1886.
LegendThe founding tradition names Olalomi Olofagangan as an archer and connects Offa to ofa, the Yoruba word for arrow.
DisputedAccounts give different founding dates, including around AD 1000 and 1395; no exact founding year is used here.
Sources
  1. Ilorin.info: The Cognomen of Ijakadi L'oro Offa and Benevolence History of Offa People
  2. Offa Indigenes: Social and Physical Development of Offa
  3. International Journal of African Society, Cultures and Traditions: Dynamic of Warfare in Pre-colonial Offa Land, 1878–1886